Existentialism a Detailed Study and Review
Sartre’s Existentialist
Viewpoint in No Exit by Akram
Amiri Senejani 2013 endeavors
to render a Sartrean existentialistic investigation of No Exit.
Although drama was just a little piece of Jean Paul Sartre's surprising
composition that incorporated the important writings of French
existentialism-the philosophical development that he named and initiated in
different genres. Sartre is unique among logicians and philosophers in
representing his thoughts in literary works. Of his nine plays, No Exit is
centrally vital both as a crucially content applying the philosophical aspects
that dominated the post-World War II time and as a detailing of another sort of
dramatization that essentially affected the theater in the second half of the
twentieth century. No Exit is one of rationality's most significant
involvement in the theater and all of Samuel Beckett's major plays, and by the
expansion of the theater of the absurd. No Exit in
this manner charges consideration as a vehicle for its powerful thoughts and
its sensational techniques that built up conceivable outcomes for the show. No Exit and
the thoughts that brought forth it got from Sartre's endeavor to comprehend the
good and supernatural ramifications of the German control of France amid World
War II. Even though Sartre is most notable for his direct philosophical
examination in Being and Nothingness, his contentions, and what's more,
hypotheses are advantageously outlined in his books, short stories, and plays. No Exit was
composed one year in the wake of Being and Nothingness. Subsequently, a
considerable lot of the subjects and imagery in the play bolster Sartre's
contentions in the bigger and longer philosophical work.
Existentialism is the
development of logic and writing that emphasizes a person’s existence,
possibility, and choice. Then, existentialists must accept that they are
completely independent and accept personal destiny for themselves, although
important destiny or fear comes with trembling. Therefore, it emphasizes the
importance of action, adaptation, and choice and is the way to rise to the
level of happiness in the context of humanity because perseverance and
inevitable passing is the hallmark of implementing our opportunity and choice.
Within the word, existentialism is the word. We are being pushed into existence
with no other way out. However, we are, once and for all, free to build what we
want to be and live a meaningful, precious life.
Heidegger was a religious philosopher until recently he was
an ecologist, and with his concerned existentialists, the question of ‘how to
live’ included political and mechanically attractive and dangerous worlds. His
argument falls into two parts. His early work as an ecologist, in his
magnificent dome, Sean and Jeet (1927; English trans. Being and Time, 1962)
deserves to be counted among existentialists. Like Kierkegaard, he explores the
honest existence, the significance of our death, and what we do as a person in
the world and among other people. Heidegger’s “existentialist” argument begins
with a great Sartesianism, which informally extends to any dualistic argument
concerning the intellect and the body, the purification between matter and
resistance, and the extraordinary dialectic of “consciousness”, “meeting” and
“intelligence”. So he starts with the Dassin investigation.
Contrary to the Cartesian view of information about the
power and importance of information, Heidegger suggests that this view, not
information, connects us to the world or keeps us “in music”. In our view, we
are “connected” to our world, not in terms of information. Attitude is the
starting point for understanding one’s self, which we are. Dan’s analysis is
the best context for this. Although Soren Kierkegaard did not use the term
existentialism, he is still considered a fundamentalist existentialist
philosopher. He proposed that every person –not society or religion – should be
given meaning to life and live with enthusiasm and truth, or be particularly
faithful to faith”. Kierkegaard begins by working with the intellectual term in
the surname, the way of life consisting of three stages, or three identified
circles: aesthetic, moral, and sacred.
Aesthetic Stage This time was very inspiring and happy. You think of this setting as basically mental pedigree (i.e., if it feels good, it feels good). In this context, people are happy after happiness, especially in achieving beauty. It’s someone’s twenties passion - music, movies, and life thinking. The goal of everyday and normal life is to gather the participation of wonderful and happy people.
Ethical Standards On a moral level, an individual rise above a functional system that focuses on his passion and begins to follow the rules and laws of his community. The sloping function provides a way out. We think of others - others and others as normal. We have kids, jobs, and colleagues, making neighbors, and comrades. Our connections are not as they are currently traveling – however, they do so in college and our departing youth. The inputs of desires, preferences, and responsibilities are more complex. Besides, we try to get ourselves based on those responsibilities. At the moral level, we realize that we are committed to others and society and to improving those relationships. Most of us are adults. But that is not the end of the status quo.
Religion Status According to Kierkegaard, what the highest level of people can trust is called the ‘religious’ system. Right now, Kierkegaard is a Christian, and it’s no secret. But the “religious” system has no particular divinity or fixed structure. It’s not around it. Or, it can skip the last two stages of life – and trivial and living matter. The transition from a state of beauty to a state of morality is almost and usually without. But after a while, it may seem planned. It may seem that there is no other reason than to continue doing the right thing – to satisfy the duties. There are a few more in this final step: The Tab of Hope. According to Kierkegaard, it signifies the progress of belief in a deity. But the features of the jump can be generalized to other things. The Tab of Hope may not prove faith in one thing to others. It involves confidence and determination that comes from within with energy and enthusiasm. It drives you forward because it is unique and special.
Those of us who have taken this leap very freely read it
all the time leading the audience and the idea toward a vague future with
incomprehensible clarity. But money makers and intelligent people are not
interested in choosing this to their advantage. In other words, there is no
power or cause on a personal level because it is not almost individual, but can
be traced to craft, science, or purpose. In short, it almost elevates or
justifies our role in society. Sartre described the most important terminology
of his existential logic as “expression in epistemological oncology” of
existence and non-existence. It could be the study of the perception of being.
Philosophy means thought: in the very introduction of whether the phenomena are
related to cognitive perception or does not exist, he rejects Kant Norman’s
notion. Kant believes that we have no unified way of seeing the outside world
and that what we need to achieve is what our thoughts and abilities tell us
about the world. Kant identified miracles, whether they recognize our things or
how things are shown to us, and Noumena, the things within us, we do not know.
Against Kant, Sartre argued that the appearance of surprise was impeccable and
obvious. You can no longer access the menu – it’s not basic. The look is
realistic. From the starting point, Sartre struggles to see the world as an
infinite system of finite performances. Such a scenario kills many dualities,
including the conflict in and out of conflict. We know what we get and what we
see.
After sharing with Now Menon the view, Sartre discovers a
parallel refinement that governs the existence and absence of emptiness:
ambiguity and cognitive existence. Being solid in oneself requires the ability
to transform, not knowing oneself. Being for one is aware of its claimant’s
understanding, but detached from it. According to Sartre, this vague, indefinite
nature is characteristic of man. It requires a predetermined self (like a human
being), which is created by itself without anything. For Sartre, nothing
describes his character. A tree can be a tree and requires the ability to
change or make its appearance. Man, on the other hand, creates himself by
acting within the world. Just as man has an object, he must use his possession
to possess it. As Sartre made clear, if a person can be said to have a truly
unique physical nature, then the chair e.g. (He is six feet tall, and the chair
is two), in any case, the person tries to exclude himself by creating meaning
or meaning of his concrete features, thereby rejecting them. The puzzle here is
awesome.
Within oneself, the desire to become one reinforces its
object in the objectivity of the other. However, there is self-awareness, and
the phenomenon of this awareness states its argument as an address, which
confirms the hostile gap between himself and himself. As a genius, Sartre makes
it clear that he recognizes its absence: it is not it is own. By being reminded
of its absence, it becomes as clear as possible: it forms its presence in the
world with a completely free, clear canvas. He concluded that he did not need
anything in the world, and then he needed himself. Its futility is the
intuition of unification, that it cannot obtain itself and itself. Information
that is not in itself is a feature of information that is not in itself.
Realization is the rule of his argument no one has this information and no one
knows what it is. The man never knows because it has to be done.
To know the shake, we must be the shake (actually, shaking,
being, requires understanding), however, looking at the self and intuition that
the world has not seen. In this way, it has control over the self, a creative
ability that is now completely independent. If the supreme attribute (for
Sartre, a clear union of existence and consciousness) is not preserved, knowing
its absence is, as one finds, the emptiness of a left-handed person. Sartre
argues that by immersing ourselves as human beings by associating ourselves
with each other, we can remember ourselves as human beings when we encounter
the presence of others. As long as we pay attention to what is being
celebrated, we will remember that our suit is approaching. When someone else’s
source sees someone else building a house, he or she sees that person as the
person building the house. Sartre said that we see ourselves because we are
outside, that we are coming to objectify ourselves. In this way, the presence
of another affects our character resilience and denies our existence and
self-identity.
In the final section of his controversy, Sartre grows up in
his office, working and construction, and establishing a company. Trying in
unison to prevent anything from happening to him, or, worse, trying to swallow
it. Finally, in any case, it will never happen. One can never experience the
unity of oneself and oneself, nor can one succeed in justifying or eating out external
questions. So, in the essence of Sartre’s question, the tragic emotion that
rules the mind limits speech: I am nothing, one is necessary; the other is
demeaning, in fact deceiving himself. However, as Sartre emphasizes, I am
independent, I am extraordinary, I am conscious, and I create the world. One
may find that Sartre did not attempt to fully answer how to compile these
irreversible descriptions of human philosophy.
This setback to the logical conclusion is intentional in
many ways and any case, despite Sartre’s fashion and an existential proverb,
there is not a single hypothesis that can be included in all. When Sartre puts
it at the end of his work, its main basic feature is the internal presence of
division and difference. Completion of the whole existence means the aimless
purpose of the object which is not supported by meaning, understanding, and
information. Perception enters the world by itself, there is nothing in it, in
rejection, and vice versa once total. Consciousness alone allows the world to
come into existence. Without it, there is no material, no tree, no waterway,
and no stone: as it were. Awareness is constantly motivated which means
awareness is constantly knowing something. Therefore, it forces itself to live
within itself and to make everyone aware. On a comparable note, its existence
at all times depends on itself. In Sartre's philosophy, understanding is known
through information. Consciousness knows that it does not exist by itself, and
therefore, knows that it has nothing, that there is elimination. For Sartre,
however, it remains the same, even though they have nothing.
Camus took from Heidegger the notion that the world was
“uninhabited” and shared with Sartre that this concept meant nothing to the
people and the world. Although Sartre joins Heidegger to make an object for
him, Camus decides the world is ridiculous. “Undoubtedly, a persistent
misconception in the familiar understanding of existentialism is that its
emphasis on the “uselessness” of the universe is compounded by the
encouragement of losing hope or “existential fear”. He composed The Myth of Sisyphus, among other works with existential topics.
Utilizing the Greek myth to appear the worthlessness of presence, Sisyphus is
unceasingly condemned to the role of a shake-up a slope and each time he comes
to the best, the shake rolls back down and he has got to begin over. Presence
appears inconsequential, but maybe Sisyphus finds reason and meaning in his
interminable errand by never giving up and proceeding to thrust the shake-up
each time it rolls back down.
Abdur Rehman Tayyub
(2016) has explored anxiety in Pakistan through the socio-semiotic study of
Usman Ali’s other play The
Last Metaphor. The researcher
has analyzed signs and symbols in the context of Pakistani society. This
research has explored that Pakistani people are suffering from anxiety,
disorder, chaos, and mental trauma due to cruel, unjust societal conditions.
This study of socio-semiotics in The
Last Metaphor discovers that
Pakistani people are suffering from the agony of depression.
A paper Exploration of Obstructed Spaces in Usman Ali’s The Guilt (Hassan, 2016) has explored the dilemma of
space in The Guilt, which the main character Shera suffers, under the
perspective of Henri Lefebvre’s model; space as a concrete abstraction. The
researcher has explored through the analysis of Shera that the character
becomes insane because of congested and crowded spaces and the concrete
abstraction of spaces makes his speech incomprehensible.
Samuel Beckett who is
considered the father of Theater of Absurd has written Waiting for Godot, Happy Days, and Act Without
Words, I. In Waiting for Godot, the two tramps are caught by the wiped wood for
the entrance of the cocoon. They fight, do makeup, commit suicide, and try to
relax, eat a carrot, and bite into a few chicken bones. The other two
characters, an ace and a slave perform an old scene in the center of the play.
M. Godot will not come up now, but a young boy comes to tell him that he will
come tomorrow. This play may be an improvement on the title, waiting for Godot.
He does not come; the two nomads continue their awakening through the tree,
which has created a few between the essential and the minute day because it is
the image of an imaginary band in a wounded world and a wounded world.
Beckett’s two nomads, among them, add up to fish and are retirement of the
Chaplin and American Burlesque comedy troupe in their tricks with hats and
tight shoes. The language of the play has gravity, expansion, and abstraction.
Fortune’s long discourse, a bold entry into the smallest, undoubtedly reminds
Joyce and some of the implications of Finnegan’s pace. But the play is far from
the pastime. It has its claimant excellence and instruction, and it holds the
idea of man’s insane belief and man’s foolish irrelevance. It is close to being
followed by three similarities, which may be a cue to the drama of the play.
The resemblance to being a muddy mess with a tree, a kind
of scaffolding, welcomes nomads to consider themselves hanged. The similarity
of times is two days, but it can be any arrangement in anyone’s life. Time is
similar to what is reported within the topic: The waiting process. The
function, in the same way, depicts a circle. Is it to return at the beginning
of each day? Nothing is finished because nothing can be finished. Within the
layers, they lose confidence, which is never categorized, but it affects all
the requirements of the process and gives the play its unnatural color, the
fact that the two nomads cannot bear the line, and the extreme reality that he
cannot come. The full use of similarities is demanded by the flexible
clarification of human life. The end of the play is another start. Vladimir
inquires of his comrade. “Right Can we go?” Estragon replies: “Yes, let’s go”.
And the shadow reduces their stability. This shows how rich and comprehensive
existentialist literature is in terms of ideas and philosophy.
Nora Helmer’s transformation, in Herrik Ibsen’s A Doll House (1879)
continues. I mean, Nora’s quest to be imaginary – a living creature – from such
a questionable thing is very exciting. Coincidentally, Ibsen’s portrait of
Nora, at some point recently Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), is a reality, and
Nora’s character is an example of Sartrean ideas, by being in her independence.
And this writing focuses on Nora’s progression from being personal to personal.
The quintessence of existentialism is an attempt to see into one’s life from an
unused idea based on one’s choice and to remember the consequences of decisions
taken instead of tolerating or incorporating them into social, political, and
voluntary principles. Sartre considers human existence to be a precursor and
nothing to be predestined, for every human being can be a self-centered,
self-centered being, able to make a purpose in life by making a clear choice
and, as it were, to take responsibility for decisions to make.
The title of the play, A Doll’s House,
itself can be said to be worthy of the test, The word ‘doll’ which is a
metaphor for the ‘inner’ category is similar to Nora, as a girl and her
husband, as she put it well that she was her doll partner as my father’s doll.
Often the doll is unaware that most dolls move before they exist and they can
do nothing for themselves because times are determined by the doll
continuously. Nora also feels the same way, as she reviews, that she was named
a baby doll by her father and always treats him like a doll. And, later, he
tries to create himself through the personality of his character. Apart from
this, the text focuses on Nora’s progression from a highly portrayed ‘doll’ to
a real person. All in all, Nora’s transformation can be a different experience
than any other male character because there is something else that prepares for
action that makes Nora’s transformation into an extended form of existence and
a feminist activist. To some extent, the idea of ancestry and its reverence has
nothing to do with sex, or perhaps it is the all-encompassing language of authoritative
communication. In, A Doll’s
House, for example, Torvalds’s
father, and Nora put clear control over Nora, and, of course, treat her three
children, as she exclaims, “And the kids have become my dolls”. (p.160)
Nora’s transformation
into a personal person a socially inclusive person into an independent person –
a living creature begins with her decision to evict Helmer’s house as a result
of her simultaneously. And the existing existence, as a framework of belief,
without the inclusion of freely chosen values, celebrates the flexibility of
human choice. But Helmer tries to incorporate general appreciation into Nora’s
choice to take over her house to maintain her paternal authority, as she
explains that this is high. You are selling your most sacred work. In response,
Nora says that she has a similar sacred duty. In Nora’s words, the answer is
that my obligation is mine. It is usually an existing way of life, and to be a
living being, it is all about choosing the purpose of life by freely spending
all the predetermined values. Existentialism, as a disposal framework, does not
offer the value of compulsory values. Or maybe it gives value to the values you
have given yourself, for example, Nora’s choice to educate herself, to learn to
“stand alone”, to encourage herself in accumulating her claim.
#Existentialism
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